What is a heat map, and how is it utilized in GIS?

A heat map is a data visualization technique that helps illustrate the density or intensity of data at specific geographic points. In Geographic Information Systems (GIS), heat maps are used to represent patterns by showing how data is distributed across different locations. They employ color gradients to indicate areas of high and low intensity, making it easier for users to identify hotspots or trends that may not be immediately apparent in raw data formats.

For instance, in urban planning, a heat map can visualize crime incidents across a city, allowing policymakers to see which areas require more attention or resources. This visual representation aids in making informed decisions based on spatial data, leading to more effective planning and resource allocation. By translating complex datasets into easily interpretable visuals, heat maps enhance the ability to communicate geographic trends and patterns effectively.